Appendicular Skeleton
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The Hand
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Bones of the Hand There are 27 bones in the hand: View the rotating gif of the phalanges of the left hand highlighted in red. This image is rendered using Blender Blender with polygon data from BodyParts3D by DBCLS. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phalanges_of_the_hand_(left_hand_-_animation01.gif) (CC BY…
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The Pelvic Girdle
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Understanding the Pelvic Girdle vs. Pelvis Before exploring the anatomy, it’s important to distinguish these two terms: This distinction matters because the pelvic girdle provides limb attachment and weight transfer, while the entire pelvis forms the basin-like cavity that supports abdominal organs…
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The Pectoral Girdle
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Introduction to the Pectoral Girdle The pectoral girdle plays a vital role in connecting the upper limbs to the axial skeleton, enabling a remarkable range of motion and supporting the dynamic functions of the arms and shoulders. Composed of the scapula (shoulder…
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Long Bone Structure
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Introduction Long bones are those that are longer than they are wide, and they include bones in the arms, legs, fingers, and toes. These bones play a vital role in movement and support, especially the femur and tibia, which bear most of…
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Bones of the Lower Limb
Introduction Whether you’re walking, running, or simply standing still, your lower limbs are doing a lot of work behind the scenes. From the powerful femur in your thigh to the intricate bones of your feet, this region is a marvel of structural engineering. In this section, you’ll explore the bones that support your body, enable…
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Bones of the Upper Arm
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The humerus The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. This upper arm bone articulates proximally with the scapula and distally at the elbow with the radius and ulna. The proximal end is expanded into a head which articulates with…
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Bones of the Forearm
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Introduction The forearm contains two long bones—the radius and the ulna—that work together to support movement and stability between the elbow and wrist. These bones are essential for both stability and mobility of the upper limb, enabling a wide range of movements.…